Posts

This post explores the global pattern of surface winds and their role in driving ocean circulation, including major currents and gyres. A Python example is provided to reproduce a climatological wind map using ERA5 data.

A practical Jupyter Notebook guide to visualize sea surface temperature anomalies by year and season, using Python, xarray, and Cartopy.

This post reviews two leading theories explaining why the ITCZ is north of the equator: air–sea interaction feedbacks and hemispheric energy transport asymmetries. It highlights mechanisms such as WES feedback, ocean-atmosphere coupling, and cross-equatorial energy flux driven by Atlantic meridional overturning circulation.

A strong positive Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) developed in 2019, with significant regional climate impacts. This post examines its evolution, possible links to ENSO, and a null hypothesis framework explaining its dynamics.