ENSO

Improved Predictability of the Indian Ocean Dipole Using Seasonally Modulated ENSO Forcing Forecasts

Despite recent progress in seasonal forecast systems, the predictive skill for the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) remains typically limited …

Sen Zhao, Fei-Fei Jin, Malte F. Stuecker

Revisiting ENSO/Indian Ocean Dipole Phase Relationships

Here we show that the characteristics of the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD), such as its power spectrum and phase relationship with the El …

Malte F. Stuecker, Axel Timmermann, Fei-Fei Jin, Yoshimitsu Chikamoto, Wenjun Zhang, Andrew T. Wittenberg, Esther Widiasih, Sen Zhao